Composition of matter using china



Patented Sept. 19, 1933 PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITION OF MATTER USING CHINAWOOD OIL AND CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID, AND METHOD OF MAKING IT Victor A.Ryan, Maplewood, N. J., assignor to The "Harvell Corporation, Hoboken,N. J., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application May-14, 1927Serial N0. 191,536

3 Claims.

The present invention relates to methods of making products using Chinawood oil and cashew nut shell liquid therefor and also to the productsof such. methods. The products are useful in making coating materialssuch as varnishes and are useful in the arts generally.

The invention further consists in the new and useful processes and inthe new and original arrangements and combinations of steps in theprocesses hereinafter described and more particularly set forth in theclaims. The invention also consistsin forming a product having thegeneral characteristics, the new and useful applications, and theseverally original features of utilityhereinafter set forth and claimed.

Cashew nut shell liquid occurs in the cellular husk or shell which growsabout the kernel of the cashew nut and this liquid contains anacardicacid and cardol. It is to be understood that in the claims set forth andcomprising part of this application the term cashew nut shell liquid isintended to cover these materials together or severally from whateversource they originate whether natural or artificial in so far as theyare effective in producing the results herein set forth. I

In making varnishes and other products from China wood oil'an unusualamount of care is necessary in the heating steps required. In com monpractice it is necessary to heat the China wood oil by bringing it up toa temperature of 600 F. and holding it at that temperature for a periodnot longer than five or six minutes.

The product of this heating is a' gel which can.

be used with rosin and dryers in making varnishes. This heating processis critical in that if it is continued for more than the five or sixminutes at the given temperature of 600 F. the gel produced sets into athick spongy solid which is insoluble in the ordinary industrialsolvents, is infusible and is non-miscible with the animal and vegetableoils commonly used in practice and is therefore not suitable for generaluse and can only be used for limited applications which require the useof expensive reagents for the conditioning thereof. In the China woodoil industry considerable loss is sustained through this difficulty inthe handling of the oil during the heating steps.

According to the present invention I have discovered that cashew nutshell liquid can be used with China wood oil during the heating thereofto do away with the danger of overheating the China wood oil; I havealso discovered that cashew nut shell liquid can be used with spoiledgel that hitherto has been forthe most part wasted and for makingvarnishes and other products for use in the arts generally. Hereinafterare set forth particular processes, steps, and products for the purposeof explanation and example of the invention. The variations andmodifications of these examples are numerous and obvious.

In one application of the invention raw China wood oil and raw cashewnut shell liquid are mixed together, 80 parts by volume of the former toabout 20 parts of the latter, and heated to or to about 600 F. Theheating can be discontinued as soon as it reaches this given temperaturebut the continuance of this temperature for extended periods is notharmful to the product obtained. Theproduct of this heating can be used,among other things, as a varnish or varnish base. By adding about 5% byweight of copper oleate to the product through the above process avarnish is obtained which is flexible, has a tough surface, has longlife under conditions of heat, light, moisture and so on and is good forelectrical insulation purposes, having comparatively high dielectricstrength and ohmic resistance. The copper oleate is added to thereaction or heating product either before, during, or after the latteris taken up with a solvent vehicle, such as kerosene, varnoline,gasoline or other suitable solvent. The heating product, above describedcan be used without the copper oleate, and either with or without othersetting materials such as manganese resinate for making varnishes andother products. The product is useful also for impregnating moldedcompositions for use in making molded electrical insulation and for usein the arts generally. Paper, cam- "brie, canvass and so on impregnatedwith this varnish can be used for insulation on electrical coils and inother forms of insulation, also fabric covered coils can be impregnatedwith the varnish in a manner well known but with advantages new withthis material.

In the use of cashew nut shell liquid for reclaiming China wood oilwhich has gelatinized, for an example, equal parts of the two by weight,or other proportions, are warmed together either with or without thepresence of a solvent. The warming of the two together brings about thebreaking down of the gelled condition of the China wood oil and thedissemination thereof throughout a mass comprising the mixture of theoils. The resulting products can be applied for general use in thevarnish arts and in the arts generally. These products can be usedeither with or without a drying or setting material such as copperoleate or manganese resinate. The copper oleate can be added in amountabout 5% of the China wood oil-cashew nut shell liquid reaction productabove described, for example, by weight to secure a varnish which willdry on standing or will dry in about one hour at a temperature of about130 F.

In the examples above and hereinafter set forth the reaction ispreferably carried on under a reflux condenser to return any volatilizedquan tities of the cashew nut shell liquid, but suitable products can bemade in an open kettle.

The value of cashew nut shell liquid for use with China wood oil isemphasized when it is considered that unless the China Wood oil alone isheated up to the danger point (600610 F.) at

which danger of running over into the viscid gel occurs only inferiorproducts can be secured; For example a coating made of China wood atlower temperature has a Waxy or frosty surface which lacks continuity,strength, smoothness and other characteristics desired in coatingmaterials. Further, the use of cashew nut shell liquid makes cheaper andmore practical the use of China wood oil and linseed, or other oil ofsimilar nature, together in coating and other materials because theviscid tough gel produced by heating China wood' for too long at 600 F.occurs at considerably lower temperatures when otherdrying orsemi-drying oils are heated with it, even as low as 500 F. in the caseof linseed oil. The three oils can be heated together; or the linseedoil and China wood oil can be heated together and the cashew nut shellliquid added afterward, or the linseed oil can be heated with the cashewnut liquid and the China wood oil added thereafter,

or the China wood oil and the cashew nut liquid added afterward. Forexample, 20 parts by weight of cashew nut shell liquid with about 40parts each of China Wood and linseed oils cooked at a temperature offive or six hundred degrees Fahrenheit give a product which with orwithout copper oleate, rosin, manganese resinate or other dryer will dryto a firm, hard flexible and durable surface and which is usefulvarnishes, insulation, and 'for general use.

AlthoughI have set forth and described processes for producing myimproved products, it is obvious that various modifications and changesmay be made in the processes or in the various steps thereof withoutmodifying or changing the essential features and characteristics of theproducts andthat such products remain essentially a the same althoughmodifications may be made in appearance, texture and in the physical andchemical characteristics, and while I have given typical formulas, I donot limit myself to such formulas as it is evident to those skilled inthe 3. The method of making 'a composition'of matter which includes thestep of mixing together China wood oil gel and cashew nut shell liquid.VICTOR A. RYAN.

